tourpoland

25.05.2015 History of the town of Firlej. Around the firlej area already inhabited about 2 thousand. Lat B.C.E. From the fourteenth century, the history of these lands is combined with one of the most powerful and splendid families of sixteenth-century Poland - Firlej. The city of Firlej (formerly Firlejów) was founded in 1557 by the voivode of Lublin, Mikołaj Firlej from Dąbrowica. From the beginning, it was a city with a typical agricultural and craft character, fulfilling the role of a service center for all Firlej properties. A church was built in the city, which was soon transformed into a Calvinist church. It was not until 1685 that a new Catholic temple was built here. Cossack invasions in 1638 and the Polish-Swedish war in 1650-1660 initiated the fall of the city. After the death of the last representative of the Firlej family, the next owners of the city were the Zasławski, Lubomirski and Sanguszko families. In 1841, Firlej became the property of Henryk Łubieński, the director of the Bank of Poland, thanks to which the first agricultural and agricultural machinery factory was founded in nearby Serock. Firlej had his part in insurgent fighting. During the November Uprising of 1830-1831, on May 9, the victorious battle of Polish troops commanded by General Wojciech Chrzanowski was fought in the Firlej forests. During the January Uprising of 1863, an insurgent party of Krysiński operated in the area, which included 13 residents of Firlej and 315 volunteers from the Sobolew area. On May 24, 1863, the Group suffered a defeat in the skirmish near Sobolewo. There are graves of insurgents in Sobolewo. The penalty for these manifestations of patriotism was the loss of city rights in 1869. The twentieth century brought the inhabitants serious losses as a result of ongoing World War I activities - the settlement was destroyed by retreating Russians. In the first half of August 1920. on the market in Firlej, Marshal Piłsudski received a parade of troops heading for the front. In 1921 Firlej became the seat of a commune mainly made up of agriculture, giving poor yields on sandy soils. He was famous for his well-developed pottery. During World War II, about 300 residents of the commune were killed, including Germans murdered all Jews. Despite the ubiquitous terror, the inhabitants of the commune organized a resistance movement by joining the ranks of the Peasant Battalions, Home Army Capt. T. Pośpiecha, People's Army. In 1944, Firlej was liberated by the troops of the 27th Volhynia Infantry Division of the Home Army. The organs of the new authorities start operating in the liberated town. Despite the problems, the post office is soon launched and the Communal Peasant Cooperative is created. Cultural and social life is also flourishing: in 1946 a kindergarten is established, in 1950 the Commune Public Library is opened, and two years later Bank Spółdzielczy. Many public facilities were created. A school, health center, department store, grocery shopping pavilion was built, a restaurant was opened. The 1960s and 1970s brought significant economic recovery to the settlement. Its attractive location on beautiful lakes, surrounded by pine forests, was noticed. A dozen or so company recreation centers were established in Firlej. The seventies also meant further investments. An animal clinic, the Teacher's House, was built and a new wing of the school was opened. A restaurant was opened for tourists and vacationers. The administrative reform of 1976 established the Firlej Commune as an administrative unit. The first water supply network in the commune has been built in Firlej and around Lake Firlej since 1980. In 1985, expansion and modernization of the Commune Office began, its area was enlarged, and a new wing of the building was added. A year later, a School and Education Center is created at Lake Firlej. After the historical political and economic changes, the beginning of the 90s was a dynamic development of the municipal infrastructure of the commune. Construction of a sewage treatment plant, sewage system, water supply system, and telephony of the commune are the tasks that put the Firlej commune at the forefront of communes of the Lublin province in the field of investing. The natural and geographical values ​​of the Firlej commune favor the development of the commune in the tourist direction. Why did Józef Piłsudski stay in Firlej? During the Polish-Russian war, Józef Piłsudski stayed in Firlej, who visited the troops of the 4th Army between August 13 and 15. He wanted to inspire them with his will to fight and victory. It was not an easy task, the soldiers were tired and demoralized, freshly poured into the ranks of additions made everyone aware of the amount of losses suffered in the back, and the supply and equipment looked pathetic. Impressions of the Commander-in-Chief, from the inspection of the army from which he expected the maximum effort during the attack could not be good. Piłsudski recalls: In the 21st Division almost half of the people paraded barefoot in front of me in Firlej... And yet, during the three days that Marshal Piłsudski spent among the 4th Army troops, electrified them, poured them out of his soul into the souls fighting for trust and the will to overcome all obstacles. This event was commemorated by revealing in 1930 the obelisk that stood in the center of Firlej. On the brick pedestal there was a medallion with the image of the Marshal and a plaque with the inscription: 1930 THE FIRST POLISH MARSHAL OF POLAND JOZEF BUILDING-BUILDING POLAND RENEWED IN THE TENTH ANNIVERSARY OF THE RELEASE OF THE PERSONAL PARTNERSHIP OF THE NATIONAL PARTNERSHIP. Unfortunately, by the decision of later authorities in 1950 the monument was demolished. In 1992, the new Marshal's Monument was unveiled in the same place, modeled on the demolished original. The 16th-century parish church and its history The history of the Firlej church dates back to the 16th century. The first wooden church was built by Mikołaj Firlej, shortly after the founding of the city after 1557. With the transition to Calvinism, Jan Firlej was devoted to the infidels who left Firlej in the 17th century. The temple returned to the hands of Catholics in 1685. It was probably then that the branch of the Lubartów parish dedicated to the Lord's Transfiguration was founded in Firlej. In 1878, the Firlej parishioners set up a fund to repair the former wooden church from 1685. When the restoration of this proved impossible, the present church was built in 1879-1880 in the place of the previous one from voluntary sacrifices. The church is a log construction, boarded, single-nave. By the nave there is a porch and 2 chapels that give the church the shape of a cross. At the presbytery there is a sacristy, above the nave there is a tower with a turret. Inside the church are three wooden altars, the main rococo from the eighteenth century with the image of the Transfiguration of the nineteenth century, this is a copy of the image located in the temple in Kazimierz Dolny on the Vistula. Side altars are from the 18th / 19th century with Rococo elements. The altar on the right is with the image of the Mother of God from the eighteenth, while on the left with a large crucifix. There are oak confessionals from 1930 in the chapels. On the left side of the chapel stands a baptismal font from 1930. From the west, on two wooden middle pillars, half pillars, there is a church choir, on which there are organs built in 1883 equipped with ten voices and a pedal of simple construction. On the walls inside the temple hang the Way of the Cross stations purchased by parishioners in 1928. More valuable items include two late-Baroque tables from the mid-eighteenth century, two crucifixes from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, baroque monstrance from the late seventeenth century, chalices, one regency from the first half of the eighteenth century, the other smooth from the eighteenth, a classicist box from 1840 and six candlesticks brass ones from the 18th century, and in the storage compartment the altar of the 1st Uhlans Regiment from 1831 in the shape of a chest. Next to the church there is a stone belfry from 1907, and a stone fence probably also from the same period. Lake Firlej and its legend The legend below Wonderful lake was written by Jagienka from Lublin. Such a pseudonym was Wanda Śliwina (1891-1962). It is identified with all that is noteworthy in the cultural life of interwar Lubartów. Gifted with great social sensitivity and artistic talents, she tried her options wherever she needed enthusiasm and selfless commitment. First of all, she remained in her memory as the author of numerous poems, stories, novels, regional sketches, theater lover and author of performing arts, also the organizer of many educational and cultural, as well as patriotic and religious undertakings. Wonderful lake Wonderful lake surrounds the charm of legend. It lies in the former Firlej estate, near Lubartów, and attracts many with its beauty. In the area of ​​several hundred morga, spilled in the shape of the Sea Eye, it glistens with gold and sapphire on a sunny day, and trees and shrubs grown over the banks look in it like in a mirror. Whoever goes by, amazed in front of this living mirror, stands and asks about the legend of the wonderful lake. The local inhabitants come together to fish, always prosperous and one legend tells the other. Sometimes, the pledged nets will take an enormous weight, and astonished fishermen pull out of it brick, iron, cornices, beams, various other things related to construction. Once, a huge chest full of beautiful, overseas fabrics was excavated ... When the sky clouds and the wind from the north blows - the lake goes crazy. Emerald waters, agitated from the bottom of the unfathomable bottom, sway slowly and seriously... Then, having acquired a spontaneous momentum, they go into a rage ... They beat the shores, waves rise to the size of oceanic snowmen, and a deafening murmur accompanies this orgy. When a reckless boat sets off from the land, it is hijacked by the waves and thrown like a ball, to their two-story height, and then as the ball falls down and is caught by new snowmen, in hellish dance it floats to the center. It is seen from the shore only when the raging element rises to the top of the wave. Then it disappears, disappears in the open abyss and runs out again, swayed, trembling, uncertain ... The great amount of the wonderful lake, cannot be reduced. It is always unfathomable. The owners of the surrounding meadows, in order to fertilize the forage, dug in various directions canals, irrigating their land. But this did not affect the lowering of the lake water level. This is one of his secrets ... Old people say that there used to be a beautiful city here a long time ago. Rich buildings, sophisticated parks, and elaborate sculptures graced his appearance. Fragrant petals of rare flowers, like the most wonderful incense, fell on caressed heads, surrounding them with a delicious aroma, and the twittering of birds, rang like a harmonious band. It was a long time ago. Then, when the first glories of Christianity - like a sun ray, paving the way for dungeons - began to penetrate some hearts and brains. The beautiful city was full of pagans. Holy missionaries came down, pouring martyr's blood on streets and fields, knights accompanied them, but the hardness of souls was always the same. Until one day, one of the orders sacrificed a lot of money, sent devout religious brothers to a reluctant city and erected a temple with ulane silver bells to move the living hearts and to pray for them with the moving voice of these metal hearts. And here something terrible happened. The wild pagan crowd came out like countless anthills to the walls of the temple and demolished it completely. The metal hearts of silver bells cried out and fell to the ground. The falling boulders of the collapsed temple struck the bells, blessing them once and for every long, prolonged moan they complained to God about their humiliation. It was just during Lent. The tormented bodies of holy brothers, also lay down, covered with debris. From the work, for God's glory, an empty square was stained with the blood of the innocent and marked with the curse of punishment. News of the terrible crime spread throughout the world. The Baltic cried. The one on whose shores he later found the martyrdom of Saint Bishop Wojciech, brought by king Bolesław the Brave to spread Christianity in Pomerania ... Near which Saint. Bruno, at the hands of paganism - wept over the shame of a hardened city. The waves swayed, like a fluttering sobbing, shaking the ground with sadness and regret. Until, as tears, which with a narrow brook running down the face, carve a trail, indelible, demolished waters in the sea depths at the bottom of the heart of the Baltic Sea, they beat up to the shore until the touched ground subsided and a stream of underground water traversed from the north side to eastern Poland, and when she reached the wrong city, she flooded it with a stream, creating an unfathomable wonderful lake. God's punishment has come to pass. The city collapsed in depth, drowned in a large amount of water. Pagan souls, which God did not want to recognize - are gone forever. Their descendants faced the great secret of the wonderful lake. That is why, when fishermen set the nets, they sometimes catch pieces of cornices, beams, ironwork, that the sunken city, crumbling and falling apart for centuries, still makes known its past existence. And when in the Lent, the wind blows, the waves, disturbed by a sad souvenir and emerald waters ripple ominously, in the silver bells of the demolished temple, which time did not cause damage, hearts begin to beat and from the depths of the lake their powerful voice, an immortal and full song horror; In the midst of the agitated wave Silver bells are striking, Metal hearts are sounding, On the fields and on the oak tree The voice jerks and spreads, It threatens, it disappoints, Until it strikes in a magnificent tone, As a triumph of God's glory And from the emerald tone With some strange horror ringing Terrified, pale faces, From the waters edge they keep the guards, not one will move, because the sound of bells raining in the ears and to the depths of hearts, penetrates, as if to shrug the sinner. And when the time finally comes, the sound returns to the bottom of the lake, the wind rains towards him, the pale terror breaks, and only wave of the nozzle, In the midst of great, holy silence. The nearby residents swore ready that many of them had heard the Lenten music of the lake. They are also sure of the existence of an underground, natural canal connecting the wonderful lake with the Baltic Sea. And they attribute the help of the sea to the great, never falling depths of the lake's waters. To confirm these assurances, they resemble the extraction of a crate full of wealth, which, according to their beliefs, fell from a wrecked ship in the Baltic Sea, half wandered along the seabed until a busy wave drove it into the underground corridor, moving it for a long time, up to the territory she brought a wonderful lake. And days and years go by. The legend's power is not weakening. Handed down by old people, it always has fresh charm and a spell of mystery. Each of the new evidence, caught in nets from the depths of the lake, confirms the legend of posterity, which, listening to the past, looks with admiration and emotion at the selected remains of the collapsed buildings and sighs, looking at the changeable color of the tone, as changeable as the Baltic waters are.